ESP32 + Arduino使用TFT_eSPI库

Arduino+ESP32上使用TFT_eSPI库快速点亮这个屏幕,驱动芯片ST7789
重要提示:
本文使用的TFT显示屏驱动芯片:ST7789V,驱动程序:C (TFT_eSPI库),主控:ESP32,连接方式:SPI

TFT_eSPI是用于TFT-LCD液晶屏的Arduino图形库,可支持下面多种液晶屏驱动芯片:

  • ILI9163
  • ILI9225
  • ILI9341
  • ILI9481 (DMA not supported with SPI)
  • ILI9486 (DMA not supported with SPI)
  • ILI9488 (DMA not supported with SPI)
  • HX8357D
  • S6D02A1
  • SSD1351
  • SSD1963
  • ST7735
  • ST7789
  • ST7796
  • GC9A01

之前在淘宝买了一块2.4寸240×320像素的SPI串口屏(使用的驱动芯片是ST7789V),下面尝试使用TFT_eSPI库在Arduino+ESP32上快速点亮这个屏幕。屏幕上有8个引脚,我对应的接线如下(我买的这个屏幕背光线不接悬空的话屏幕不会亮)

ESP32引脚 ST7789引脚 功能
GND GND 接地
3V3 VCC 电源
18 SCL SPI时钟
23 SDA(MOSI) SPI主出从入
26 RES 复位引脚
27 DC 数据/命令选择
5 CS SPI片选
22 BLK 背光控制

 在Arduino的库管理器中下载TFT_eSPI库,之后在该库的路径下(C:\Users\xx\Documents\Arduino\libraries\TFT_eSPI)打开User_Setup.h文件。User_Setup.h中有一些需要自己配置的宏,需要仔细阅读这个头文件中的注释。几个比较关键的地方如下:

(1)选择对应的液晶屏驱动芯片,取消注释

// Only define one driver, the other ones must be commented out
//#define ILI9341_DRIVER       // Generic driver for common displays
//#define ILI9341_2_DRIVER     // Alternative ILI9341 driver, see https://github.com/Bodmer/TFT_eSPI/issues/1172
//#define ST7735_DRIVER      // Define additional parameters below for this display
//#define ILI9163_DRIVER     // Define additional parameters below for this display
//#define S6D02A1_DRIVER
//#define RPI_ILI9486_DRIVER // 20MHz maximum SPI
//#define HX8357D_DRIVER
//#define ILI9481_DRIVER
//#define ILI9486_DRIVER
//#define ILI9488_DRIVER     // WARNING: Do not connect ILI9488 display SDO to MISO if other devices share the SPI bus (TFT SDO does NOT tristate when CS is high)
#define ST7789_DRIVER      // Full configuration option, define additional parameters below for this display
//#define ST7789_2_DRIVER    // Minimal configuration option, define additional parameters below for this display
//#define R61581_DRIVER
//#define RM68140_DRIVER
//#define ST7796_DRIVER
//#define SSD1351_DRIVER
//#define SSD1963_480_DRIVER
//#define SSD1963_800_DRIVER
//#define SSD1963_800ALT_DRIVER
//#define ILI9225_DRIVER
//#define GC9A01_DRIVER

(2)定义屏幕尺寸,我的屏幕是240×320像素,因此选择TFT_WIDTH为240,TFT_HEIGHT为320

// For ST7789, ST7735, ILI9163 and GC9A01 ONLY, define the pixel width and height in portrait orientation
// #define TFT_WIDTH  80
// #define TFT_WIDTH  128
#define TFT_WIDTH  240 // ST7789 240 x 240 and 240 x 320
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 160
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 128
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 240 // ST7789 240 x 240
#define TFT_HEIGHT 320 // ST7789 240 x 320
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 240 // GC9A01 240 x 240

(3) 定义对应模块的引脚

// For ESP32 Dev board (only tested with ILI9341 display)
// The hardware SPI can be mapped to any pins

#define TFT_MISO 19
#define TFT_MOSI 23
#define TFT_SCLK 18
#define TFT_CS    5  // Chip select control pin
#define TFT_DC   27  // Data Command control pin
#define TFT_RST  26  // Reset pin (could connect to RST pin)
#define TFT_BL   22
//#define TFT_RST  -1  // Set TFT_RST to -1 if display RESET is connected to ESP32 board RST

(4)定义用到的字体(由于会占用单片机存储空间,没用的字体可以注释掉)

// Comment out the #defines below with // to stop that font being loaded
// The ESP8366 and ESP32 have plenty of memory so commenting out fonts is not
// normally necessary. If all fonts are loaded the extra FLASH space required is
// about 17Kbytes. To save FLASH space only enable the fonts you need!

#define LOAD_GLCD   // Font 1. Original Adafruit 8 pixel font needs ~1820 bytes in FLASH
#define LOAD_FONT2  // Font 2. Small 16 pixel high font, needs ~3534 bytes in FLASH, 96 characters
#define LOAD_FONT4  // Font 4. Medium 26 pixel high font, needs ~5848 bytes in FLASH, 96 characters
#define LOAD_FONT6  // Font 6. Large 48 pixel font, needs ~2666 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.apm
#define LOAD_FONT7  // Font 7. 7 segment 48 pixel font, needs ~2438 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.
#define LOAD_FONT8  // Font 8. Large 75 pixel font needs ~3256 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.
//#define LOAD_FONT8N // Font 8. Alternative to Font 8 above, slightly narrower, so 3 digits fit a 160 pixel TFT
#define LOAD_GFXFF  // FreeFonts. Include access to the 48 Adafruit_GFX free fonts FF1 to FF48 and custom fonts

(5)其它设置如SPI频率,按照User_Setup.h头文件中的提示来设置。

// Define the SPI clock frequency, this affects the graphics rendering speed. Too
// fast and the TFT driver will not keep up and display corruption appears.
// With an ILI9341 display 40MHz works OK, 80MHz sometimes fails
// With a ST7735 display more than 27MHz may not work (spurious pixels and lines)
// With an ILI9163 display 27 MHz works OK.

// #define SPI_FREQUENCY   1000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY   5000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  10000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  20000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  27000000
#define SPI_FREQUENCY  40000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  55000000 // STM32 SPI1 only (SPI2 maximum is 27MHz)
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  80000000

// Optional reduced SPI frequency for reading TFT
#define SPI_READ_FREQUENCY  20000000

// The XPT2046 requires a lower SPI clock rate of 2.5MHz so we define that here:
#define SPI_TOUCH_FREQUENCY  2500000

// The ESP32 has 2 free SPI ports i.e. VSPI and HSPI, the VSPI is the default.
// If the VSPI port is in use and pins are not accessible (e.g. TTGO T-Beam)
// then uncomment the following line:
//#define USE_HSPI_PORT

在测试的时候发现屏幕上某些颜色很奇怪,比如设置字体为蓝色但显示红色。原因是在ST7789芯片中MADCTL (36h)寄存器的第3位控制像素颜色顺序,当该位为0时颜色按R-G-B显示,当该位为1时按B-G-R显示:

Bit D3- RGB/BGR Order
“0” = RGB (When MADCTL D3=”0”)
“1” = BGR (When MADCTL D3=”1”)

 出现这种问题时可以在User_Setup.h中取消掉下面某一行的注释,来控制颜色顺序

// For ST7735, ST7789 and ILI9341 ONLY, define the colour order IF the blue and red are swapped on your display
// Try ONE option at a time to find the correct colour order for your display

//  #define TFT_RGB_ORDER TFT_RGB  // Colour order Red-Green-Blue
#define TFT_RGB_ORDER TFT_BGR  // Colour order Blue-Green-Red

 初次使用过程中还可能遇到屏幕方向或者颜色反转的问题,可以通过TFT_eSPI提供的函数来控制屏幕旋转和颜色反转(参考光学中的互补色,如白-黑,蓝-黄)

/***************************************************************************************
** Function name:           invertDisplay
** Description:             invert the display colours i = 1 invert, i = 0 normal
***************************************************************************************/
void TFT_eSPI::invertDisplay(bool i)


/***************************************************************************************
** Function name:           setRotation
** Description:             rotate the screen orientation m = 0-3 or 4-7 for BMP drawing
***************************************************************************************/
void TFT_eSPI::setRotation(uint8_t m)

注意到TFT_eSPI库下面还有一个User_Setup_Select.h头文件,这个头文件中可以选择预先定义好的用户配置(相关文件位于TFT_eSPI/User_Setups文件夹中)。由于这些配置不适用于我买的这个屏幕,因此直接使用User_Setup.h中的定义。

// Only ONE line below should be uncommented.  Add extra lines and files as needed.

#include <User_Setup.h>           // Default setup is root library folder

//#include <User_Setups/Setup1_ILI9341.h>  // Setup file configured for my ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup2_ST7735.h>   // Setup file configured for my ST7735
//#include <User_Setups/Setup3_ILI9163.h>  // Setup file configured for my ILI9163
//#include <User_Setups/Setup4_S6D02A1.h>  // Setup file configured for my S6D02A1
//#include <User_Setups/Setup5_RPi_ILI9486.h>        // Setup file configured for my stock RPi TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup6_RPi_Wr_ILI9486.h>     // Setup file configured for my modified RPi TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup7_ST7735_128x128.h>     // Setup file configured for my ST7735 128x128 display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup8_ILI9163_128x128.h>    // Setup file configured for my ILI9163 128x128 display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup9_ST7735_Overlap.h>     // Setup file configured for my ST7735
//#include <User_Setups/Setup10_RPi_touch_ILI9486.h> // Setup file configured for ESP8266 and RPi TFT with touch
...

 下面的代码在屏幕上测试文字输出,从TFT_eSPI/examples中可以找到各种例子来进行测试。

#include <TFT_eSPI.h> 
#include <SPI.h>

#define TFT_GREY 0x5AEB // New colour

TFT_eSPI tft = TFT_eSPI();  // Invoke library

void setup(void) {
  tft.init();
  tft.setRotation(0);
  tft.invertDisplay(0);
}

void loop() {
  
  // Fill screen with grey so we can see the effect of printing with and without 
  // a background colour defined
  tft.fillScreen(TFT_GREY);
  
  // Set "cursor" at top left corner of display (0,0) and select font 2
  // (cursor will move to next line automatically during printing with 'tft.println'
  //  or stay on the line is there is room for the text with tft.print)
  tft.setCursor(0, 0, 2);
  // Set the font colour to be white with a black background, set text size multiplier to 1
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_WHITE,TFT_BLACK);  tft.setTextSize(1);
  // We can now plot text on screen using the "print" class
  tft.println("Hello World!");
  
  // Set the font colour to be yellow with no background, set to font 7
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_YELLOW,TFT_BLACK); tft.setTextFont(7);
  tft.println(1234.56);
  
  // Set the font colour to be green with black background, set to font 4
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_GREEN,TFT_BLACK);
  tft.setTextFont(4);
  tft.println("Groop");
  tft.println("I implore thee,");

  // Change to font 2
  tft.setTextFont(2);
  tft.println("my foonting turlingdromes.");
  tft.println("And hooptiously drangle me");
  tft.println("with crinkly bindlewurdles,");
  // This next line is deliberately made too long for the display width to test
  // automatic text wrapping onto the next line
  tft.println("Or I will rend thee in the gobberwarts with my blurglecruncheon, see if I don't!");
  
  // Test some print formatting functions
  float fnumber = 123.45;
   // Set the font colour to be blue with no background, set to font 4
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLUE);    tft.setTextFont(4);
  tft.print("Float = "); tft.println(fnumber);           // Print floating point number
  tft.print("Binary = "); tft.println((int)fnumber, BIN); // Print as integer value in binary
  tft.print("Hexadecimal = "); tft.println((int)fnumber, HEX); // Print as integer number in Hexadecimal
  delay(10000);
}

ESP32 + Arduino使用TFT_eSPI库

 ESP32 + Arduino使用TFT_eSPI库

 ESP32 + Arduino使用TFT_eSPI库

 

 来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/21207-iHome/p/16005438.html

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 标签: 创客 ESP32 Arduino 显示屏

涨知识
SPI

SPI是串行外设接口(Serial Peripheral Interface)的缩写,是一种高速的,全双工,同步的通信总线,并且在芯片的管脚上只占用四根线,节约了芯片的管脚。

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